The Nile River

The Nile River

Nile River, Arabic Baḥr Al-Nīl or Nahr Al-Nīl,  river, the daddy of African streams and therefore within the world. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to empty into the Mediterranean Sea. it's a length of regarding four,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) and drains a locality calculable at one,293,000 sq. miles (3,349,000 sq. kilometres). The Nile River is 250 kilometre larger than the Amazon. Its area unit shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of water resources the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. and quite three hundred million folks have faith in the Nile River for his or her water and crop irrigation. it's 2 major tributaries, the headstream and therefore the headstream. The headstream is that the supply of most of the water and fertile soil within the system. The headstream is longer and rises in African country starting in African country. the 2 rivers meet close to the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
the longest river

Mount Everest

Some geographers have held that peaks higher than Mount Everest were standing behind it to the north, but their opinion was not founded on trustworthy observations, and when Major Ryder traversed Tibet along the Brahmaputra in 1904 he passed 80 miles north of Mount Everest and found no peak approaching it in height.

Mount Everest

Three panoramas showing the outline of Mount Everest are included in chart vi. Owing to the objections of the Nepalese Government Mount Everest cannot be approached by surveyors from the side of India within 80 miles, and the trigonometrical observations that have been made of the Everest-Makalu group of peaks have been carried out under great disadvantages. The following description of Mount Everest is taken from a report by Colonel Tanner :

    "The outline of Everest is rather tame than otherwise; it is fairly sharp and has a long snowy "slope on its north-east flank, the south-east being precipitous. Peaks of 22000 feet and thereabouts "encircle its southern base, and below them are seen many outlines of dark mountain masses which "are without snow.

    "From due south, near the Kosi river in the Bhagalpur district, Everest is by no means a marked "feature in the landscape; its southern face has but 190 feet of snow, below which the mountain «' falls for 4000 to 5000 feet in a series of crags of very dark-coloured rock, only here and there dashed "and streaked with snow, below which are snow fields and broken masses of rock intermingled "with snow and neve. When the atmosphere is not very transparent the sharp tip is seen as a "mere floating white speck, the rock below it being almost exactly of the colour of the sky and there"fore invisible.
 
    "The southern face of Everest from a near point of view is doubtless wild, and its cliffs must "be very lofty, but the great distance from which it is viewed renders this aspect of the mountain "uninteresting. In fact, from the south, Everest has all the appearance of a very moderate hill, not "in the least imposing and hardly picturesque. It is interesting only because by trigonometrical "operations its summit has been found to rise up further from the general level of the earth's "surface than that of any other point."

The Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal

Commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to deal with the remains of his cherished spouse, the mausoleum stands on the southern bank of the Yamuna stream in metropolis, India. The notable sepulture complicated, designed over over twenty years, is one in all the foremost outstanding samples of Mughal design, that combined Indian, Persian and monotheism influences. At its center is that the mausoleum itself, designed of shimmering white marble that appears to vary color counting on the daylight or moonlight hit its surface. selected a United Nations agency World Heritage web site in 1983, it remains one in all the world’s most celebrated structures and a shocking image of India’s wealthy history.

Shah Jahan was a member of the Mughal kinsfolk that dominated most of northern Asian country from the first sixteenth to the middle 18th-century. when the death of his father, King Jahangir, in 1627, Shah Jahan emerged the victor of a bitter power struggle together with his brothers, and topped himself emperor at metropolis in 1628. At his aspect was Arjumand Banu Muhammedan, higher called Mumtaz Mahal (“Chosen one in all the Palace”), whom he married in 1612 and cherished because the favorite of his 3 queens.

According to one ugly (and presumably sensational) story, Shah Jahan had his minions discontinue the hands of the Taj Mahal's creator and his staff when the structure was completed, making certain they might ne'er build another of its kind.

In 1631, Mumtaz Mahal died when birthing to the couple’s fourteenth kid. The sorrowing Shah Jahan, acknowledged for authorization variety of spectacular structures throughout his reign, ordered the building of a powerful sepulture across the Yamuna stream from his own royal palace at metropolis. Construction began around 1632 and would continue for succeeding twenty years. The chief creator was most likely Ustad Ahmad Lahouri, Associate in Nursing Indian of Persian descent who would later be attributable with coming up with the Red Fort at urban center. In all, over 2000 staff from Asian country, Persia, Europe and therefore the empire, in conjunction with some 1000 elephants, were brought in to create the sepulture complicated.

Named the mausoleum in honor of Mumtaz Mahal, the sepulture was created of white marble decorated with semi-precious stones (including jade, crystal, opaque gem, amethyst and turquoise) forming convoluted styles in an exceedingly technique called pietra meninx. Its central dome reached a height of 240 feet (73 meters) and was enclosed by four smaller domes; four slender towers, or minarets, stood at the corners. In accordance with monotheism tradition, verses from the Quran were inscribed in script on the arched entrances to the sepulture, additionally to varied different sections of the complicated. within the sepulture, Associate in Nursing polygon marble chamber adorned with carvings and semi-precious stones housed the monument, or false place, of Mumtaz Mahal. the $64000 casket containing her actual remains lay below, at garden level.

The rest of the mausoleum complicated enclosed a main entree of red arenaceous rock and a sq. garden divided into quarters by long pools of water, yet as a red arenaceous rock house of worship and an even building known as a jawab (or “mirror”) directly across from the house of worship. ancient Mughal building apply would enable no future alterations to be created to the complicated. because the story goes, Shah Jahan supposed to create a second grand sepulture across the Yamuna stream from the mausoleum, wherever his own remains would be buried once he died; the 2 structures were to possess been connected by a bridge. In fact, Aurangzeb (Shah Jahan’s third son with Mumtaz Mahal) expel his indisposed father in 1658 and took power himself. Shah Jahan lived out the last years of his life underneath confinement in an exceedingly tower of the Red Fort at metropolis, with a read of the majestic resting place he had created for his wife; once he died in 1666, he was buried next to her.

Under Aurangzeb’s long rule (1658-1707), the Mughal empire reached the peak of its strength. However, his militant Muslim policies, as well as the destruction of the many Hindu temples and shrines, undermined the enduring strength of the empire and light-emitting diode to its dying by the mid-18th century. as Mughal power broken, the mausoleum suffered from neglect and unsoundness within the 2 centuries when sovereign Jahan’s death. close to the flip of the nineteenth century, Lord Curzon, then British viceroy of Asian country, ordered a significant restoration of the sepulture complicated as a part of a colonial effort to preserve India’s creative and cultural heritage.

Today, some three million folks a year (or around forty five,000 on a daily basis throughout peak tourer season) visit the mausoleum. pollution from near  factories and cars poses a continuous threat to the mausoleum’s gleaming white marble façade, and in 1998, India’s Supreme Court ordered variety of anti-pollution measures to guard the building from deterioration. Some factories were closed, whereas traffic was illegal from the immediate locality of the complicated.